Sober living

You can avoid many confrontations and resolve arguments and disagreements by communicating in a humorous way. Humor can help you say things that might otherwise be difficult to express without offending someone. However, it’s important that you laugh with the other person, not at them.

List of Treatment and Behaviors Options

Perhaps you could suggest marking off a day each week where the two of you engage in quality time together. You could even ask if your partner would consider inviting you to the events they are going to. As long as you and your partner are committed to bettering the relationship and communicating with one another with respect, there is nearly always a path forward. Conflict avoidance, therefore, often leads to a larger confrontation down the road.

Parliament was built for conflict and stories of misbehaviour abound. Now there are signs of change

PE is an exposure technique in which you are gradually exposed to trauma-related thoughts, feelings, memories, or situations in a safe environment. As these cues become less distressing and uncomfortable, your anxiety decreases and your brain learns there is no need to avoid them. Be sure to stay in the situation and fully experience your anxiety instead of choosing to escape. Use positive coping mechanisms to help you through the anxiety. Unless you remain in the situation until your fear decreases you will not learn that there is nothing to fear. Social anxiety disorder (social phobia) happens when you have an intense and ongoing fear of being judged and watched by others.

• It is important to remember not to ingest essential oils or apply them directly to your skin, and to keep them away from children or pets, says Malka.
• Conflict can make most people feel uneasy, whether a full-blown argument or a civil confrontation.
• According to the American Psychiatric Association, 1 in 11 people in the United States will develop PTSD in their lifetime.
• Establishing firm and overtly clear boundaries before an incident occurs may help a person gauge whether a partner is able to be respectful.
• Instead of yelling at your partner that they don’t love you any more or that they are a bad person for not spending more time with you, focus on how you are feeling.
• The reality is that communication is a skill that you must develop—and it can be hard work.
• The war began on Oct. 7, when Hamas militants killed some 1,200 people and took 250 people hostage.

Treatment options for PTSD avoidance

The consequences of conflict avoidance can be very damaging to a relationship. When two people avoid conflict, they are not communicating their needs and desires to each other. The relationship becomes based on assumptions and expectations rather than communication. When conflict is mismanaged, it can cause great harm to a how to deal with someone who avoids conflict relationship, but when handled in a respectful, positive way, conflict provides an opportunity to strengthen the bond between two people. Whether you’re experiencing conflict at home, work, or school, learning these skills can help you resolve differences in a healthy way and build stronger, more rewarding relationships.

Use your senses to quickly relieve stress

• Rather, we continue to feel stressed about it until it gets done.
• And no, complaining to other people doesn’t count as helping a conflict resolve itself.
• Second, a partner who is egocentric may wish to dodge a person’s disapproval; he or she hides selfish acts and avoids conversations focused on issues in the relationship.

Phobias: A Psychological Disorder

• If you’re afraid of conflict, it can become a self-fulfilling prophecy.
• Alternative terms proposed include extreme demand avoidance, rational demand avoidance, or persistent drive for autonomy.
• The depth, height, and reach of your very existence is limited by your day-after-day, week-after-week, year-after-year attempts to avoid feelings that are, ultimately, unavoidable,” writes McKay.
• Ginger can be an effective and natural way of preventing and treating nausea, according to several studies.
• For this article, I spoke to four physicians about the best ways to treat and prevent motion sickness, including OTC remedies and prescription medications.

Situational avoidance

He is a national leader in efforts to your bac depends on prevent and treat AUD and to educate people about risky alcohol use. There are claims that drinking alcohol can help protect people from SARS-CoV-2, which is the coronavirus that causes COVID-19. However, if you’re physically dependent on alcohol or drink heavily, stopping drinking without medical supervision may be dangerous. If you’re ready to seek treatment, do so after your infection has cleared. Anecdotally, some people with long COVID develop an alcohol intolerance.

It’s a good idea to avoid alcohol if you’re currently ill with COVID-19. Some research suggests that alcohol intolerance is common for can you drink on cymbalta people with long COVID. While not widely recognized as a symptom of long COVID due to limited research, alcohol intolerance has been reported by some individuals.

Risky Alcohol Use: An Epidemic Inside the COVID-19 Pandemic

For example, beta-blockers can help control the physical responses to anxiety, such as increased heart rate. Although some people turn to alcohol, there are many other ways of coping with feelings of depression and anxiety. According to a 2015 article in the journal Alcohol Research, alcohol can prevent immune cells from working properly. It can also cause inflammation to occur, further weakening the immune system. It can also increase the risk of certain infectious diseases, such as pneumonia and tuberculosis. No research suggests that you’ll develop long COVID if you drink alcohol while you have a COVID-19 infection.

Initially, social distancing, along with increasing population testing, are the only effective measures to control the pandemic but with several consequences on long-term [[12], [13], [14]]. Public health measures include non-pharmacological interventions that can be used to reduce and delay community transmission [4]. The goal is to slow down the pace of new cases and reduce the peak of cases in the community, as well as the burden on health systems. In fact, it is possible that excessive alcohol consumption can increase the risk of developing COVID-19-induced illness, as this can affect the immune system. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention defines excessive alcohol use as binge drinking, heavy drinking, alcohol use by people under the minimum legal drinking age, and alcohol use by pregnant women. AUD is a clinical diagnosis that indicates someone’s drinking is causing distress and harm.

For example, antidepressants can treat the symptoms of depression in some people. During the COVID-19 pandemic, people may experience higher levels of stress, depression, and anxiety. This may cause some people to consume more alcohol than they usually would. While hand sanitizer containing alcohol may kill the virus on surfaces, drinking alcohol doesn’t cure or prevent a COVID-19 infection.

How concerned should we be about people drinking to deal with the stress of the COVID-19 pandemic?

She’s passionate about empowering readers to take care of their mental and physical health through science-based, empathetically delivered information. However, these medications can cause unpleasant side effects, like headaches, which may be worsened with alcohol use. If you’re ready to enter treatment and stop drinking, you’ll likely have to wait until your COVID-19 infection is no longer transmissible before you enter a detox program. Going “cold turkey” when you have a physical dependence on alcohol can be dangerous.

Further research is needed to establish a clearer understanding of this phenomenon. According to several anecdotal reports, alcohol intolerance, which is characterized by reactions like nausea, low blood pressure, fatigue, and dizziness when consuming alcohol, may be a unique symptom of long COVID. The main effects of increasing alcohol consumption on health during Covid-19 pandemic. 1 we summarized the most important effects of increasing alcohol consumption on health during COVID-19 pandemic. Apart from the intensively and analyzed trends and motivations of adults’ alcohol consumption, there are several sensitive and less discussed issues, with potential long-term consequences, that would deserve more attention. Another important factor is malnutrition secondary to excessive alcohol intake [62].

1. Psychotherapies use different methods to help a person understand and change their patterns of thinking and behavior.
2. Alcohol intolerance is a condition where the body reacts negatively to the consumption of alcohol.
3. For example, antidepressants can treat the symptoms of depression in some people.
4. In more serious cases, mixing alcohol with medications can cause internal bleeding and organ problems.
5. To cope, many people turned to alcohol despite the risk of developing alcohol-related problems, including problem drinking and alcohol use disorder (AUD).

Myth 3: Alcohol on the breath kills the virus in the air

Alcohol consumed for long time acts as a stressor on the body and makes it difficult to maintain homeostasis [28,29]. The immediate benefit of alcohol consumption can mask the long-term harmful effect [30,31]. Most often, adults who drink alcohol constantly justify consumption by claiming reducing mental stress, maintaining a state of physical and mental relaxation, but also improving their social behavior [32]. However, due to the action of ethanol on the central nervous system, at high doses of alcohol, there is an inhibitory effect that involves reduced discernment and weakened attention and memory [33]. Thus, it becomes a risk factor for altering behavior and decision-making.

Ethyl alcohol (ethanol or alcohol) is part of the cultural traditions of most societies, since the beginning of civilization. Evidence of obtaining alcohol by distillation dates from the year 1100 BCE. Although the history of alcohol abuse is as old as its production, alcohol consumption has become a public health problem since the roofied meaning 18th and 19th centuries, with the impoverishment of industrial workers.

Alcohol can cause digestive upset, difficulty sleeping, trouble with concentration, and other unpleasant side effects that may worsen your symptoms. This connection could provide insights into how long COVID might contribute to alcohol intolerance. But after her infection, she found herself unable to tolerate even small amounts of alcohol, experiencing unpleasant sensations like lightheadedness, sluggishness, and queasiness after just a few sips. Long COVID refers to persistent symptoms that occur more than three weeks after the initial COVID-19 infection. Learn how NIH has improved basic understanding of the SARS-CoV-2 virus and sped up the development of COVID-19 vaccines, treatments, and testing. NIAAA supports a wide range of research on alcohol use and its effects on health and wellbeing.

Alcohol consumption, psychological imbalances and COVID-19

NIH-funded study identifies managing maternal stress as a possible way to lessen impacts of prenatal infection on infant socioemotional and cognitive development. It can also interact with several common medications, such as ibuprofen, to cause further symptoms. There are a variety of myths regarding alcohol consumption and SARS-CoV-2. Sian Ferguson is a freelance health and cannabis writer based in Cape Town, South Africa.

Psychotherapies use different methods to help a person understand and change their patterns of thinking and behavior. It is possible for high concentrations of alcohol, such as 60–90%, to kill some forms of bacteria and viruses. There’s no consensus on whether alcohol affects the antiviral medications used to treat COVID-19.

The harmful effect on the mucosa of the digestive tract consists in decreasing the absorption and metabolism of certain nutrients, including B vitamins (B1, B6 and B9 or folic acid), leading to a slowing of leukocyte proliferation and differentiation [63]. The defense mechanisms of the mucosal immune system are also affected, resulting in a dysfunction of the function of IgA and IgG immunoglobulins, which are responsible for local protection against infectious agents [64]. The COVID-19 pandemic is affecting every family across the country and will likely have a long-lasting impact on public health and well-being. Alcohol misuse is already a public health concern in the United States, and alcohol has the potential to further complicate the COVID-19 pandemic in multiple ways. Below are links to important resources for the public, clinicians, and researchers from NIAAA. There are also a variety of medications available for depression and anxiety.

NIAAA Director, Dr. George Koob, discusses what we know about how alcohol affects our immune and stress systems, along with issues related to treatment access during the pandemic. These symptoms can occur when mixing alcohol with many common over-the-counter pain relievers, as well as certain cold and allergy medications. For example, getting regular exercise and practicing stress reduction techniques can help reduce symptoms. It is also important to prevent feelings of isolation by reaching out to friends and family when possible.

Treatment for long COVID, including symptoms like alcohol intolerance, typically involves a multidisciplinary approach aimed at managing specific symptoms and improving overall well-being. While research on alcohol intolerance post-COVID-19 is limited, numerous anecdotal reports suggest that alcohol intolerance could be a symptom of long COVID for some individuals. There’s growing evidence that it may be a unique symptom of long COVID, particularly the post-viral fatigue syndrome (PVFS) type.

This 11-part, weekly webinar series will help learners prepare for the addiction medicine board exams by reviewing sample exam questions and questions from the audience. Review Course faculty will lead discussions in different topics each week. Individuals experiencing psychotic episodes can quickly become violent. Immediately call 911 if someone behaves violently or has breathing problems or seizures after using bath salts. If you’ve ever accidentally got a fizzy drink up your nose (we would mention one of the leading brands of cola products, but that could be confusing,) you’ll know how painful it is. Withdrawal symptoms when you stop taking the drug and a growing tolerance to it are both signs of a growing addiction problem.

Chief Medical Officer

Professional lab-produced drugs are safer because there are stringent safety procedures to eliminate all harmful byproducts. Black market laboratories typically don’t take as much care, so impurities like pyrrolidine or various bromine compounds might remain. Regular use of bath salts can result in serious health consequences. It is important to consider treatment if you or a loved one is addicted to this drug. Anyone who uses this drug can develop a bath salts addiction, but some groups may be more at risk than others.

Can You Get Addicted to Bath Salts?

The treatment of bath salts intoxication involves providing intensive medical monitoring and attention to address the specific symptoms of the individual. It also often involves using medications to alleviate medical symptoms of intoxication like nausea, insomnia and lack of appetite, as well as emotional symptoms like agitation. Emotional complications of bath salts abuse can include panic attacks and violence against oneself (suicidal thoughts or actions, or self-mutilation, as in cutting or burning oneself).

What Are Bath Salts and Why Are They So Dangerous?

In other words, it is quite similar to amphetamine in terms of elation and stimulation. It gained popularity because it was legal to purchase for about 18 months after it was first released. The sooner the person is treated, the more likely he or she is to make a full recovery. Mental health disorders encompass a wide range of issues, including severe depression and attempts at suicide.

Is This Substance Legal in The US?

Substances that cause the « high » (intoxication) often referred to as « bath salts » include methylone, mephedrone, and methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV or MDPK). These active ingredients come from drugs called cathinones, which come from the East African plant called the Catha edulis. In an attempt to avoid the legal consequences of the banned substances found in bath salts, drug dealers have apparently developed bath salts with other active ingredients. how long does marijuana stay in your system blood, urine, and hair Bath salts are sometimes referred to as « zombie » or « cannibal » because it was speculated that a person who engaged in cannibalism as part of an assault might have been intoxicated on the substance. As a new psychoactive substance, little is known about the full addictive potential of bath salts. However, studies of rats have shown that animals will self-administer synthetic cathinones, indicating a compulsion to use the drug again and again.

Once a bath salts addiction has been identified, it’s best to talk to the person suffering. Aim to understand why the addiction happened and don’t take anything personally; the drugs may well be talking, not the person you love. When a loved one’s bath salts abuse spirals out of control, rehab is an option. Signs that an addiction is occurring usually involve a pattern of abuse that is destructive and carries on despite negative side effects. Usually, this might manifest as missing school or work, a failure to follow through with financial obligations, missing family obligations, or recurrent legal issues. Ultimately, the most dangerous side effect of bath salts use appears to be addiction, which causes users to lose touch with reality and lose their sense of self-control.

There have been serious and even fatal results from using bath salts. Small foil packages are often left behind, evidence of bath salts consumption. Bath salts, also known as Red Sky, Vanilla Sky, Blue Silk, Ivory Wave, or Purple Wave, pregabalin abuse in combination with other drugs are an illicit drug most used by teenagers and young adults. Despite the seemingly innocuous name, this drug can be very harmful. This designer drug’s name was derived from its similar appearance to Epsom salts used in the bath.

Dr. Weaver sees patients in the Innovations Addiction Treatment Clinic at the Texas Medical Center in Houston. Lewis Nelson, MD, FACEP, FACMT, DFASAM is Professor and Chair of the Department of Emergency Medicine and Chief of the Division of Medical Toxicology at Rutgers New Jersey Medical School compare different sober houses in Newark, NJ. He is a member of the Board of Directors of the American Board of Emergency Medicine and a Past-President of the American College of Medical Toxicology. He remains actively involved with the CDC, FDA, DHS, and several professional medical organizations, including ASAM.

Ricardo Restrepo, MD, MPH finished his medical school in Medellín, Colombia. He then did his residency training in Psychiatry at Boston University Medical Center where he completed a fellowship in Addiction Psychiatry. He received an MPH in Global Public Health from NYU in 2008, while working at St Luke’s/Roosevelt Hospital, where he was Director of the Addiction Psychopharmacology Clinic at the Addiction Institute of New York. You see, the basic compound isn’t actually that stimulating compared to amphetamine.

Severe reactions may include aggression, violent behavior, adverse mental health symptoms, and psychosis. Other potentially fatal drug reactions are suicidal feelings and overdose. Overdose is the most common complication from the use of bath salts.

1. He has worked with immigrant populations in the United States for over 20 years.
2. But a host of other dangerous chemicals can be used to make synthetic cathinones.
3. Please contact AAC free at to learn about rehab programs and treatment options with us.
4. American Addiction Centers (AAC) is a leading treatment provider and has trusted rehab facilities across the country.
5. Ricardo’s academic interests include the psychotherapy and psychopharmacology of addiction and the teaching of Psychiatry and Addiction Medicine.
6. They shove electrons into the center of the molecule so that it binds more strongly in the brain.

We may be paid a fee for marketing or advertising by organizations that can assist with treating people with substance use disorders. A study discovered that synthetic cathinones were found to wreak more havoc on people who are in stuffy places with many people. When people use this drug at parties and rave concerts, a salt overdose is more likely to happen. Some cloud nine drug formulations may contain synthetic cathinones like mephedrone and methylone. In which case, a mephedrone or methylone drug test will be required to detect possible abuse of cloud nine drug. All drugs containing bath salts components are made illegal as well.

Treatment for a bath salts addiction is similar to what might be seen with other substance use disorders. Rehab centers typically employ behavioral therapy techniques such as cognitive behavioral therapy, motivational enhancement therapy, and contingency management. Bath salts belong to the category of drugs known as stimulants, as well as a group of drugs termed the “new psychoactive substances” (NPS). Because bath salts encompass multiple types of chemical combinations, little research has been done about their range of physical and mental effects.

But again – even if you do everything correctly, you can still have a terrifying experience on salvia so prepare yourself for that. Enter your phone number to receive a call from a treatment provider. Data on Salvia divinorum addiction is still limited, but some trends have been observed. Research has documented that salvia use rates are highest among young adults.

What Does Salvia Feel Like?

Salvia and its psychedelic effects have a long history as part of the indigenous Mazatec people’s culture. In 1962, famed psychedelic researcher Albert Hoffman traveled to Mexico to research salvia and introduced it to the Western world. He sent a cutting of the plant back to Harvard University where it was identified botanically as Salvia Divinorum. Hoffman tried to extract the active chemical in salvia, but was ultimately unsuccessful.

The Effects Of Using Salvia

This unique mechanism of action separates Salvia from other hallucinogenic substances, such as LSD or psilocybin. If you are quidding fresh salvia leaves, you can cut them off your plant in pairs of two and chew them until you have room in your mouth for the next pair. I assume https://sober-home.org/hope-house-boston-review-and-compare-with-eco-sober-house/ you don’t have to, but it’s nice to respect the past cultures that paved the way for us too. Fresh leaves result in more tannins that dry out the mouth and have a stronger bitter taste. However, fresh leaves by a plant is a beautifully unique experience in my opinion.

Safety checklist

1. Some users experience fear and panic, paranoia or other hallucinations, which can make users a danger to others or themselves.
2. Because the drug is not controlled at a federal level, it is more frequently abused by adolescents and young adults who are restricted from other substances, such as alcohol, compared to adults ages 26 and older.
3. Your health insurance company will only pay for services that it determines to be “reasonable and necessary.” The treatment center will make every effort to have all services preauthorized by your health insurance company.
4. This led to Wasson conducting further research into the plant in the 1950’s, when he confirmed that it contained psychedelic properties.

Treatment for salvia dependence would be similar to those for other hallucinogenic or dissociative drugs. When someone takes salvia and they are not in a good mindset or environment, it may cause them to have a bad trip. This is especially the case with people who take the drug when they are depressed. Due to the psychological effects the drug has, people who are in a noisy environment may become anxious and fearful. While the mind will experience most of the effects of salvia, there is a chance that physical effects can take place as well. For example, leaves can be dried and smoked or brewed into tea.

How Long Does Every Type of Tea Last?

Do not take salvia outside or in a place where there are strangers around. Whichever route of administration you choose, it is strongly recommended to start with a low dose and build your way up.Some people are more sensitive than others while some will need higher doses to notice any effects. Get professional help from an online addiction and mental health counselor from BetterHelp. I had done a trial run the day before, lying on a couch in a laboratory that was furnished to look like a tastefully trippy living room.

Is Salvia A Drug?

When properly reached, however, this level is seen as a goal among Salvia users. But also among the native Mazatec the discovery of salvia could possibly have been a rather recent event. What points to this is that the Mazatecs do not actually have a native name for the plant, and refer to it as “hojas de María Pastora”, translating into “leaves of Mary the shepherdess”.

There has never been a documented overdose Salvia, and it does not have strong addictive properties whatsoever. Its effects are extremely short, which can be either a pro or con depending on the situation (it also has little negative lingering effects). Lastly, Salvia and its active ingredient are non-controlled in the US and most countries worldwide; it is commonly available at gas stations and smoke shops. If all environmental dangers are taken care of, other factors of safety then come into play. Don’t use physical force to move the person or make them do something, and only guide them if they begin to move about, without forcing them with any sudden or hard movements.

The chewing process is not super comfortable, but I recommend starting with 3 grams of dried plain leaf. Guides for dry leaf, fresh leaf, and tinctures included above as well as guides for tripping alone how to rebuild a healthy life after addiction and how to be a tripsitter. If you can make it to 10 minutes of chewing without spitting or swallowing, that’s great. I understand it’s uncomfortable, but it’s worth it to push past that in my opinion.

This makes it much easier to obtain and use what many people assume is a fairly harmless substance, one with few long-term effects. As salvia has become more commercialized, extracts are available online or at local smoke shops. These extracts can be anywhere from five to 10+ times more concentrated and are used to induce intense trips. Extracts are involved in the most unique way of consuming salvia, tinctures. These tinctures are the purified liquid extract placed under the tongue to offer a quicker onset of action and sometimes lengthen the experience. Salvia has been called an atypical psychedelic because it acts on an entirely different pathway in the brain than traditional psychedelics.

One misconception that many people suffer from about hallucinogens is that they aren’t addictive. Generally, substances such as mushrooms and LSD aren’t physically addictive, but DrugUse.gov says that others are. For example, PCP is a highly addictive drug that causes a dangerous sense of derangement in a person that can make them completely https://soberhome.net/alcohol-detox-diet-eating-healthy-during-alcohol/ uncontrollable and violent. When salvia stimulates the mind, it causes a severe break with reality based on changed perception. This can cause a person to panic and feel an intense sense of vulnerability, fear, and agitation. It can also upset the chemical balance in their brain, leading to a suddenly unbalanced state of mind.

The actress and children’s book author calls recovery from alcohol and drug addiction the greatest single accomplishment of her life. She says she became addicted to prescription painkillers she was given after a cosmetic procedure. She credits her recovery to the program she entered and the support of others in similar situations. Curtis is an outspoken advocate for drug misuse awareness and changes in opiate policy.

Brad Pitt stepped away from drinking.

After that, the late actor struggled off and on with alcohol for years until his death in 2014. He even regularly highlighted these struggles as a part of his stand-up routines. In a 2006 interview with Diane Sawyer, Williams talked about the reality that drinking doesn’t always have a reason behind it, saying “It’s [addiction] — not caused by anything, it’s just there,” Williams said. It lays in wait for the time when you think, ‘It’s fine now, I’m OK.’ Then, the next thing you know, it’s not OK. I didn’t realize I was in Cleveland.’” Sadly, Williams died in 2014. He was reported to have just entered rehab again shortly before his death.

Addiction Treatment Programs

• “During that time I avoided looking in the mirror, because I didn’t like the person who was looking back at me,” she recalled.
• Meaning « dream » in Latin, Somnium is a reminder that Patrick turned her own into a reality; a Napa Valley winery of her very own.
• The beloved star of the “Harry Potter”movies has struggled, like many other child actors, growing up in show business.
• He was arrested in 1996 due to possession of heroin and cocaine and found it challenging to escape the cycle of substance misuse.

In 1974, he had a brush with death due to excessive drinking. Marshall Mathers, better known as Eminem, began his recoveryjourney in 2007 after an overdose. In 2010, he released an album inspired byhis sobriety, Recovery. British midfielder football (soccer) player and manager. Novelist, scriptwriter, and short story writer. “This Side of Paradise” and “The Great Gatsby.

Celebrities Who Struggled With Alcoholism and Found Recovery

Though he loved his job, the English actor says he shut himself off from the public to escape the constant scrutiny. While he describes his personality as naturally addictive, Radcliffe credits his close friends with helping him to get help and develop new, healthier coping strategies. Downey Jr. struggled for years with substance abuse before sobering up in response to an ultimatum from his wife Susan in 2003.

Last year, Cara Delevingne told Vogue she began a 12-step program in 2022 and now practices sobriety.

“I wanted to share this because I am really proud of myself. Yesterday I celebrated 6 Months of Sobriety,” she began. “My decision to become sober celebrities who are alcoholics wasn’t out of a need necessarily, it was more just that I did ‘sober January’ and I just decided to keep going,” she told People in October 2017.

John Stamos

• « Mostly my love was Jack Daniel’s and cocaine. »
• Sheen has struggled with alcohol and drug addiction for years.
• Errol Flynn was an Australian-born actor who rose to fame during the Golden Age of Hollywood.
• His actual death was sudden, but his health had been declining for many years due to alcoholism.
• Made with a blend of high-quality corn, rye, and barley, the bourbon is refined through a proprietary distillation process that results in an extremely smooth – but not overly sweet – whiskey.
• Downey Jr. made headlines in the early 2000s due to his battle with addiction, after which he turned his life around.